Understanding eczema can allow you to follow the strategies developed to manage symptoms and reduce flare-ups.
Eczema is also known as atopic dermatitis. It is a chronic skin condition that affects millions of people worldwide. Eczema can be both physically uncomfortable and emotionally distressing. It is often identified by inflamed, itchy, and red patches of skin.
In this blog, we’ll take a look at the causes of eczema, some of the common symptoms, and how you can manage itchy skin.
What is Eczema?
Eczema is a condition that causes the skin to become inflamed, itchy, and prone to rash. It often appears in early childhood but can occur at any age. The severity and appearance of eczema can vary widely among individuals, ranging from mild patches of dry skin to severe, widespread inflammation.
Types of Eczema
Causes of Eczema
Nobody really understands the exact cause of eczema. But studies have shown that it could result from a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Each one of these studies brings us closer to understanding eczema that little bit more.
Common triggers include:
• Genetics: A family history of eczema, allergies, or asthma increases the risk.
• Immune System: An overactive immune response to irritants can cause skin inflammation.
• Environmental Factors: Exposure to allergens, harsh soaps, detergents, and stress can exacerbate symptoms.
• Skin Barrier Defects: Abnormalities in the skin barrier can allow moisture to escape and irritants to enter.
Common Symptoms
Eczema symptoms can vary but typically include:
• Itching: Often intense and can worsen at night.
• Red or Brownish-Gray Patches: Common on hands, feet, ankles, wrists, neck, upper chest, eyelids, and inside the bends of elbows and knees.
• Dry, Sensitive Skin: Prone to cracking and scaling.
• Small, Raised Bumps: May leak fluid and crust over when scratched.
• Thickened, Scaly Skin: Resulting from prolonged scratching.
Managing Itchy Skin
Unfortunately there is no cure for eczema, but over the years there have been strategies developed to manage symptoms and reduce flare-ups:
1. Moisturize Regularly
Keeping your skin hydrated is crucial for managing eczema. You should try to always use fragrance-free, hypoallergenic moisturizers, and apply them immediately after bathing to lock in moisture. Look for products with ingredients like ceramides, glycerin, and hyaluronic acid.
2. Identify your Triggers and Avoid Them
Understanding what triggers your eczema can help you manage symptoms more effectively.
• Allergens: Such as pollen, pet dander, and dust mites.
• Irritants: Harsh soaps, detergents, and certain fabrics like wool.
• Stress: Can flare up symptoms.
• Climate: Cold, dry air or hot, humid weather can worsen eczema.
3. Adopt a Gentle Skincare Routine
• Use Mild Cleansers: Avoid soaps with harsh chemicals or fragrances.
• Bathe in Lukewarm Water: Hot water can strip the skin of natural oils.
• Pat Skin Dry: After bathing, gently pat your skin dry with a soft towel instead of rubbing.
4. Topical Treatments
Over-the-counter and prescription creams can help reduce inflammation and relieve itching:
• Corticosteroids: Help reduce inflammation and itching.
• Calcineurin Inhibitors: Such as tacrolimus and pimecrolimus, reduce immune response.
• Barrier Repair Creams: Strengthen the skin’s natural barrier.
5. Medication
In severe cases, Medications may be prescribed:
• Antihistamines: Help reduce itching, especially at night.
• Systemic Corticosteroids: Prescribed for short-term use during severe flare-ups.
• Biologics: Newer treatments that target specific parts of the immune system.
6. Lifestyle Changes
◦ Reduce Stress: Practice relaxation techniques like yoga, meditation, or deep-breathing exercises.
◦ Dietary Adjustments: Identify and avoid the foods that may trigger flare-ups.
◦ Stay Hydrated: Drink plenty of water to keep your skin hydrated from the inside.
When to See a Doctor
If your eczema symptoms are severe, persistent, or not responding to over-the-counter treatments, it’s important to seek medical advice. Dr. Natalia is a highly qualified and experienced dermatologist and she can provide a tailored treatment plan and recommend stronger medications or therapies for you, if necessary.